If you’re considering studying overseas with the goal of eventually immigrating, both Canada and Australia are top destinations that offer high-quality education and clear pathways to permanent residency. With recent changes to immigration policies in both countries, it’s essential to understand your options before making a decision. In this guide, we’ll highlight key differences and similarities between Canada and Australia, including study programs, work rights, and post-graduation pathways.
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Discover Your Options to Study in Canada
Canada remains a popular destination for international students due to its globally recognized education system and diverse, welcoming communities. The country has recently made changes to its immigration system, but it continues to offer robust opportunities for students pursuing both academic and vocational programs.
Canada’s Pathways to Permanent Residency (PR)
Canada offers several ways for international students to transition from study to permanent residency, with programs tailored to different fields and work experiences. Key PR pathways include:
- Express Entry and Canadian Experience Class (CEC): Through the CEC, skilled workers with Canadian work experience can apply for permanent residency. Students who gain work experience in Canada may be eligible to apply through this program once they graduate.
- Provincial Nominee Program (PNP): Provinces in Canada can nominate international graduates for PR based on regional needs, which can greatly improve your chances of permanent residence.
Study Programs in Canada
Canada’s education system is highly ranked globally. According to the 2025 QS World University Rankings, several Canadian institutions feature prominently:
- University of Toronto – 25th place
- McGill University – 29th place
- University of British Columbia – 38th place
- University of Alberta – 96th place
International students in Canada can expect to pay tuition fees ranging from 29,000 CAD to 81,000 CAD annually, depending on the program and institution.
Work Rights While Studying in Canada
One of Canada’s most attractive features for international students is the ability to work while studying. Students can work unlimited hours on campus, and off-campus work is allowed for up to 24 hours per week during classes. During scheduled breaks, such as summer and winter holidays, there are no limits on off-campus work hours.
Post-Graduation Work Opportunities in Canada
After graduation, Canada allows students to apply for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP), which grants work authorization for up to three years, depending on the length of the degree program completed. For vocational and college program graduates, however, eligibility for post-graduation work is restricted to programs aligned with in-demand occupations.
Study in Australia: A Comparative Look
Australia offers a similar appeal to international students, with world-renowned institutions and pathways to permanent residency. The recent changes to Australia’s immigration system are designed to streamline processes for international graduates.
Australia’s Pathways to Permanent Residency (PR)
Australia’s PR pathways are slightly more restrictive compared to Canada. The primary routes include:
- Skilled Independent Visa (subclass 189): This points-based visa allows skilled workers, including international graduates, to apply for PR. However, applicants must have an occupation listed on the Skilled Occupation List (SOL), which may limit options for graduates in certain fields.
- Skilled Work Regional Visa (subclass 491): For those willing to live and work in regional areas, this visa offers a pathway to permanent residency after meeting certain criteria.
Study Programs in Australia
Australia is home to nine universities listed in the top 100 QS World University Rankings for 2025:
- University of Melbourne – 13th place
- University of Sydney – 18th place
- University of New South Wales – 19th place
- Australian National University – 30th place
Tuition fees for international students in Australia typically range from 26,500 AUD to 113,000 AUD (approximately 24,509 CAD to 104,511 CAD), depending on the program and institution.
Work Rights While Studying in Australia
Australia allows international students to work up to 48 hours every two weeks during term time and unlimited hours during study breaks. Unlike Canada, there is no distinction between on-campus and off-campus work hours. PhD and master’s students enrolled in research-based programs have no limit on working hours.
Post-Graduation Work Opportunities in Australia
Australia offers the Temporary Graduate Visa (subclass 485), which allows international graduates to stay and work for 2-3 years, depending on their qualification. However, applicants must be 35 years or younger, with some exceptions.
Key Differences Between Canada and Australia
While both countries offer great opportunities for international students, there are notable differences in their immigration policies and student experiences.
Permanent Residency Pathways
- Canada: More inclusive, with various PR pathways including the Canadian Experience Class for skilled workers with Canadian experience.
- Australia: PR is largely determined by occupation, with specific pathways for skilled workers listed on the Skilled Occupation List.
Work Rights While Studying
- Canada: No limit to on-campus work hours and up to 24 hours a week off-campus.
- Australia: 48 hours every two weeks during term time, unlimited during study breaks, with no distinction between on-campus and off-campus work.
Post-Graduation Work Opportunities
- Canada: The Post-Graduation Work Permit allows graduates to work in Canada for up to three years, depending on program length.
- Australia: The Temporary Graduate Visa allows graduates to stay and work for 2-3 years, but applicants must be under 35 years old.
Tuition and Study Permit Costs
- Canada: Tuition fees range from 29,000 CAD to 81,000 CAD per year, with a study permit cost of 150 CAD.
- Australia: Tuition fees range from 26,500 AUD to 113,000 AUD per year, with a study permit cost of 1,600 AUD (1,465 CAD).
Student Discounts and Special Offers for International Students in Canada
Canada’s Tax System Requires Urgent Overhaul
International Students in Canada Can Now Work 24 Hours a Week Off-Campus: What You Need to Know
$1518 Canada Workers Benefit October 2024: Essential Information You Need to Know
$250 Working Canadians Rebate & GST/HST Relief Payment for 2025: What You Need to Know
Cost of Living in Canada vs. Australia
The cost of living in both Canada and Australia can vary depending on the city. Here’s a comparison of median rental prices for two-bedroom apartments:
| City | Median Rent (CAD) |
|---|---|
| Montreal (Canada) | 1,890 CAD |
| Toronto (Canada) | 2,500 CAD |
| Vancouver (Canada) | 2,829 CAD |
| Melbourne (Australia) | 2,016 CAD |
| Sydney (Australia) | 2,639 CAD |
| Canberra (Australia) | 2,052 CAD |
Food and Transportation
- Food: Groceries in Canada are about 6.9% cheaper than in Australia. The average monthly cost for groceries in Canada is around 248 CAD to 330 CAD, while in Australia, it’s 430 AUD (393 CAD).
- Public Transport: Tickets for public transportation are generally cheaper in Canada. For example, a single ticket in Montreal or Toronto costs 3.75 CAD, compared to 5.30 AUD in Melbourne.
Which Country Is Right for You?
Both Canada and Australia offer exceptional educational experiences, vibrant international student communities, and strong post-graduation pathways to permanent residency. However, there are key differences in immigration policies, work opportunities, and costs that could influence your decision. Understanding these nuances will help you make an informed choice based on your personal goals and preferences. Whether you choose Canada’s diverse PR pathways or Australia’s occupation-focused immigration system, both countries offer rewarding experiences for international students.
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